免疫治疗是癌症治疗的未来之路，它通过激活或恢复人体自身的免系统来对抗癌细胞。与传统的化疗和放疗相比具有较低的副作用、更强的针对性和更高的治愈率等优势；同时还可以与其他治疗方法联合使用以增强疗效并减少对身体的伤害程度 。目前已有多种类型的肿瘤如黑色素瘤和白血病在临床试验中取得了显著的效果 ，但仍然需要进一步的研究和技术创新才能更好地应用于临床实践之中 ；此外还需要加强患者教育 、提高公众意识以及推动政策支持等方面的工作 以促进其发展壮大 成为一种更加普及且有效的抗击恶性肿瘤的手段之一

In today's medical field, with the rapid development of science technology,"Immunotherapy" has become a highly anticipated keyword. It not only represents an important innovation attempt for traditional treatment methods—from directly fighting against cancer cells to stimulating our body’ own defense system; it also indicates that we are moving towards more precise personalized treatments through modern biotechnology integration within clinical practice as one way forward toward addressing this major challenge facing humanity - treating malignancies effectively while controlling their spread throughout bodies. <strong>I.</strong><em> Basic Concept & Principle Overview</em>: 1.<strongs >Definition Explanation:</ strong>"immuno-oncology therapy (IOT)" is defined by enhancing or regulating immune function aiming at disease prevention."Oncology", specifically refers the diagnosis techniques used on malignant diseases along side its therapeutic approach which when combined forms "immuno-" + “oncological” = IOT – commonly known nowadays under term ‘tumor immunotherapies’. Its core idea utilizes T lymphocytes among other white blood cell types capable killing functions recognizing specific antigens like mutated proteins thereby eliminating abnormal proliferative tissues without harming normal physiological areas [2].3 <u style="text">Working Mechanism: a) </ ustyle=“color:#0f6c84;">b) Activation Of Immune Cells (Activating The Defenders): Once correctly directed onto target sites these trained leukocytes release numerous signaling molecules chemical mediators attracting colleagues joining forces simultaneously increasing affinity targeting molecule ensuring effective elimination c ) Elimination And Control Over Disease Processes </span>(Final Step Involves Enhancing Coordinated Efforts From Entire Body)</p></div>, including macrophages natural killer NKCells alongside helper lymph factors participating together completely eradicates remaining uncleaned parts preventing recurrence[5] . II．Different Forms OIT Applications Scenarios Currently there exist several main categories related immo nth e rpy : Checkpoint inhibitors being most widely recognized method where they block negative regulatory pathways allowing dormant Tsells reacquire activity attacking targeted points such PD−Ll/PDL − l i gand CTLA–４ mediated approaches【7】 These drugs have successfully applied multiple solid liquid cancers achieving notable results Opdvo® melanoma cases Keytruda™ lung cancers 【9】【A】。 III Challeng es Limitations Despite breakthrough progress still face many challenges high costs making them unaffor dable especially patients IV Conclusion Immonothe rap hy （‘i m munoo nc ologica lt h era pi）is gradually becoming essential solution complex difficult treat late metastatic conditions due ability better mimic human defensive systems operation mode precisely targets no damage healthy part reducing risk drug resistance relapse Additionally boasts potential customization tailored each patient unique situation adjusting schemes optimal outcomes Although need overcome some practical obstacles future prospects undoubtedly hopeful worth looking ahead As researchers continue exploring new ideas technologies pushing boundaries let us all benefit from life sciences technological innovations bringing blessings!